Natural caffeine

Caffeine is a naturally occurring stimulant found in the leaves and seeds of various plants, most notably coffee beans, tea leaves, and cocoa beans. It is typically extracted from these plant sources for use in food and beverages. Caffeine is a white crystalline powder with a bitter taste.

Caffeine is primarily added to foods and drinks for its stimulant properties, helping to increase alertness and reduce fatigue. It is commonly found in energy drinks, soft drinks, dietary supplements, and sometimes in confectionery. Manufacturers use it to enhance the perceived 'kick' or functional benefit of a product.

Caffeine is not considered a food additive under UK law and does not have an E-number. The Food Standards Agency (FSA) and Food Standards Scotland (FSS) provide guidance on caffeine consumption, particularly for pregnant women and children. EFSA has evaluated caffeine and its effects, noting that moderate consumption is generally safe for most adults. However, high intake can lead to side effects like anxiety, insomnia, and heart palpitations. Evidence on long-term health effects is mixed and subject to ongoing research.