Benzoic acid

Benzoic acid is a simple aromatic carboxylic acid. It occurs naturally in many plants, such as cranberries, plums, and cinnamon, and is produced industrially by the partial oxidation of toluene. It is a white crystalline solid.

Benzoic acid and its salts (such as sodium benzoate) are primarily used as preservatives in foods and drinks. They inhibit the growth of bacteria, yeasts, and moulds, extending shelf life. It is commonly found in acidic foods like soft drinks, fruit juices, jams, and pickles.

Benzoic acid is authorised as a food additive in Great Britain and is listed on the Register of Food Additive Authorisations. It is often used in conjunction with sorbic acid or benzoates. JECFA (Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives) and EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) have evaluated benzoic acid and its salts. At typical intake levels found in food, it is generally considered safe. Some individuals may experience mild allergic reactions or intolerance, but this is uncommon.