Ground coffee

Ground coffee is made from roasted coffee beans, which are the seeds of berries from the coffee plant. The beans are roasted to develop their characteristic flavour and aroma, then ground into fine particles for brewing. It is a popular beverage ingredient worldwide.

Ground coffee is primarily used to make brewed coffee drinks, both hot and cold. It can also be used as a flavouring agent in desserts, baked goods, and confectionery, adding a rich, slightly bitter taste. Its strong flavour profile makes it a versatile ingredient for both beverages and food.

Coffee is not considered a food additive and is widely consumed. The UK's Food Standards Agency (FSA) and Food Standards Scotland (FSS) provide guidance on caffeine intake, noting that moderate consumption is generally safe for most adults. Research on coffee consumption has explored links to various health outcomes, with some studies suggesting potential benefits and others highlighting risks associated with high intake, particularly concerning caffeine. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has evaluated the safety of caffeine.