Vitamins

Vitamins are essential organic compounds that most organisms need to perform a range of physiological functions. They are naturally found in a wide variety of foods, including fruits, vegetables, grains, and dairy products. Many vitamins can also be produced synthetically for use as food ingredients.

Vitamins are added to foods primarily to fortify them, meaning to increase their nutritional value. This is common in products like breakfast cereals, plant-based milk alternatives, and energy supplements, where they help consumers meet their daily requirements. They are not typically used for functional properties like preservation or colour.

Vitamins are not classified as food additives under UK law and do not have E-numbers. They are essential nutrients, and deficiencies can lead to health problems, while excessive intake of certain vitamins can also be harmful. Health bodies like the NHS provide guidance on recommended daily intakes. Regulatory bodies and scientific committees, such as EFSA, continually review the scientific evidence regarding vitamin safety and efficacy.